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Underactive Thyroid (Hypothyroidism)
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located just below the Adam's apple. The thyroid produces hormones which effect the body's energy level and metabolism. Thyroid problems are among the commonest medical disorders, but due to their symptoms often appearing gradually, they are commonly misdiagnosed.
The most common cause of underactive thyroid (Hypothyroidism) is Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In this disorder, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. Patient's often complain of cold intolerance, fatigue or lack of energy, and may also have depression, weight gain, dry skin, heavy menstrual periods, constipation and decreased intellectual function and, rarely, overt psychosis. Diagnosis of underactive thyroid is usually straightforward , once suspected. Patients underactive thyroid due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis have elevated level of serum TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). However, the rare patient with underactive thyroid due to a pituitary or hypothalamic condition may have a normal or low serum TSH. Treatment of underactive thyroid consists of taking thyroid hormone in pill form on a daily basis. Symptoms should clear up within a few months from start of treatment. Adjustment of the dose of thyroid pills is based upon measurements of serum TSH. Most patients need to take thyroid hormone for life.
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