Scoliosis
Scoliosis is sideways curvature of the spine. It may be functional, secondary for example to a postural problem, or structural. Functional scoliosis is reversible, and disappears on bending forwards. Structural scoliosis is not reversible and may be associated with rotation deformity of the spine and rib abnormality producing a hump back appearance, which is worsened on bending forward. While there may be an underlying cause for structural scoliosis such as the congenital abnormality of a vertebra or neuromuscular disease such as polio, the majority have no known cause (and are therefore called idiopathic). In order to prevent deformity in adulthood, which in severe cases can compromise lung function, this condition is best managed in childhood.
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