Rabies
Rabies is caused by an infection with a virus called a Rhabdovirus, spread in the saliva of an infected animal, and introduced via a bite. It can be transmitted by any mammal, including bats, but in places where it is rife such as the Indian sub-continent the most common culprit is the dog. The virus attacks the nervous system, with symptoms appearing either days or months after the bite producing either so called furious rabies with spasms, overwhelming fear of water and convulsions, or, more rarely, dumb rabies where there is ascending paralysis from the site of the bite. The development of effective vaccines for dogs and other animals, and minimising contact with wild animals, has effectively prevented infection of humans in mainland Europe and North America (eradication of the disease and quarantine of unvaccinated animals on entry to the United Kingdom have prevented its recurrence). There is an effective vaccine available to those at risk of exposure to rabies such as vets or animal handlers or travellers to remote areas. Those who are unfortunate enough to be bitten and who have not been vaccinated can be given post exposure treatment, which may prevent the development of the disease.
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