Lyme Disease
Lyme disease is caused by infection with a spirochaete called Borrelia Burgdorferi (other spirochaetes cause Weil’s disease and syphilis, described in this section). This is spread by the bite of an insect called a tick. It is called Lyme disease because it was originally described in a group of children in the town of Lyme in Connecticut in America. It is a widespread condition in the western hemisphere. The initial bite produces a rash called erythema chronicum migrans (because it's red - erythema, it lasts a long time - so it's chronic, and it spreads or migrates - so migrans).
Over the following months there may be the development of complications involving many different body systems: neurological problems including facial palsy, muscle and joint inflammation and, rarely, abnormalities of the cardiovascular system. Prolonged courses of antibiotics may be required to prevent continuing damage. There is a blood test available which may indicate whether or not people with joint problems might be suffering from chronic infection with the germ that causes Lyme disease. It might be best to avoid the tick bite in the first place - use insect repellent.
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