Clubfoot

Clubfoot is the name given to a number of different disorders present at birth where the position of the feet is abnormal. This can be the result of a cramped intra-uterine position during foetal growth: the sole of the foot faces inwards, but it can be placed in the neutral position by gentle manipulation. Treatment involves passive stretching exercises to lengthen the ligaments. Rarely, and more seriously, it is due to bone and joint malformation (which can occur in association with other congenital abnormalities) which prevent the foot being placed in the neutral position. These cases may require surgery.
 
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